Risk factors associated with the development of atopic dermatitis among children in Yerevan: a case-control study

Abstract

Introduction: A number of studies shows that breastfeeding offers a safe and effective mode of protection against Atopic Dermatitis (AD) during the first years of life. However, the issue of protective effect of breastfeeding remains controversial. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these associations. Objectives: This study identifies the possible relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and early solid food diet and clinical manifestation of AD in children. Design and methods: A case-control study was conducted among children aged from one to seven years in Yerevan. Cases were selected From Allergy Department of Republican Children’s hospital in Yerevan. Controls were selected from pediatric district policlinics in Yerevan. Information regarding infant and family history and infant-feeding pattern was obtained from the mothers of children during telephone interviews. Eighty-five cases and 155 controls were interviewed. Descriptive analysis was used to determine characteristics of cases and controls. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for potential confounding and effect modification. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding less than 3 months increases the risk of AD over 2-fold (2.47, 95% CI 1.76-15.81). Initiation of solid food during the first 4 months increases the risk of AD over 3-fold (3.39, 95% CI 1.47-7.83). Conclusion: Early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and early solid food diet are the risk factors for AD. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months and solid food avoidance during the first 4 months of life should be recommended for all infants to prevent development of AD. When exclusive breastfeeding is impossible solid food should be avoided during the first 4 months.