Application of new technologies to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions into the atmosphere: policies to shift environmental behavior in Armenia

Abstract

Human activities worldwide are increasingly threatening the integrity of the natural systems that make life possible on this planet. Armenia faces serious environmental challenges, which require serious and immediate actions to promote environment protection. One of the key concerns is the air industrial pollution. In this context, the present research evaluates the potential environmental risks and negative impacts from the cement production. The paper aims to identify the ways of the modernization of cement production to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for the adverse environmental impacts in Armenia. Specifically, the study reviews some advanced cement production technologies, which allow introducing energy and raw material saving measures. The paper also analyzes applicability of the alternative technologies in Armenia to reduce Nitrogen Oxides emissions, and assesses cost effectiveness of suggested alternative technologies. After addressing the technology of cement industry currently in use in Armenia and suggested alternative ones, the study proceeds with analysis of the issues in the legal and institutional frameworks that hinder compliance assurance and enforcement of air polluting companies, as well as effectiveness of the economic instruments through the system of environmental fees. Finally, the research gives recommendations on how to implement the result-oriented strategies and effective policies to control and prevent air pollution.