The process of NATO enlargement in geopolitical perspective

Abstract

For four decades after the World War Two, Europe was divided into two camps. Security of its western part was, is, and probably will be guaranteed by the USA within the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, while Europe’s eastern part was under the shield of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The latter has vanished. In sharp contrast, the Atlantic Alliance has admitted and is going to invite some of its former enemies to accede to the Treaty of Washington, while others are left out. Intentionally or not, NATO creates a new dividing line in Europe. This Master’s Essay focuses on several aspects of NATO’s move to the East. All phases of enlargement are analyzed in the study. NATO’s rational for the past and upcoming enlargements is presented. The arguments of opponents for enlargement are weighed up. The Russian views are analyzed in particular detail. However, the Alliance’s move to the East has the impact not only on Russia, but also, undeniably, on the Alliance itself. The enlargement of any organization implies the concept of a candidate country. The current and potential candidates are discussed in this study as well. Special attention is paid to the Baltic State’s real and Russia’s potential candidacies. The cost of enlargement and its possible repercussions for NATO are examined. Finally, the emergence of European military structure, Western European Union, and its capacities, as a potential alternative for NATO are discussed.