Qualitative study to explore reasons for smoking among teenage girls in Yerevan

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the decrease of adult smoking in some countries the prevalence of teenage smoking continues to rise all over the world. It is noteworthy that the prevalence of adult female smoking is mainly determined by smoking patterns among teenage girls. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1994 the prevalence of teenage girls smoking in Yerevan was 21 percent. For development of a successful prevention program, understanding of the “characteristics and needs of the target population under the particular local set of conditions” is essential. This research aims to explore patterns of smoking initiation among teenage girls and to reveal the main reasons for their current smoking behavior. Methods. Qualitative research methods such as in-depth interviews with teachers as Key-Informants and with teenage girls were used. Purposive sampling was used for the recruitment of 14-16 year old girls and convenience sampling for teachers. A total of 20 in-depth interviews with teenage smoking girls and 6 key informant interviews with teachers from different schools were conducted in Yerevan in 2001. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results. At the present teenage girls smoking is not accepted as a social norm. Concern of reputation and parents’ negative attitude explain smoking avoidance at home and public places. The majority of teenage girls initiate smoking under the influence of their peers. In addition, they begin to smoke out of curiosity and continue due to developed addiction. The ability to control weight and to relieve stress are further reasons for current smoking practices. A boyfriend’s wish appears to significantly influence many of the girls regarding a major reason to quit smoking. Smoking girls’ knowledge about the impact of smoking on their health was incomplete and hypothetical. The key informants discussed the ongoing changes in society. Most of the teachers believed the government should intervene in the smoking problem. Recommendations. Findings from the study suggest that smoking cessation program for teenage girls should be gender oriented. Further quantitative research should be undertaken to determinate the influence of social and gender specific factors identified in this study.